Use the column headers to sort by term or category.
| Term | Category | Summary |
|---|---|---|
| 3D LUT Calibration | Imaging |
Advanced color calibration using a 3D cube map.
Provides highly accurate color correction by accounting for interactions between RGB channels. |
| 4:4:4 Sampling | Imaging |
Full-resolution color information with no subsampling.
Ideal for PC use and text rendering. Requires high bandwidth connections. |
| A-TW Polarizer | Display Technology |
Advanced True Wide polarizer reducing IPS glow.
Used in premium IPS displays to reduce off-axis glow and improve black uniformity. |
| ABL (Automatic Brightness Limiter) | Display Technology |
OLED power-limiting behavior under large bright images.
Restricts full-screen brightness to protect organic emitters. Noticeable in UI elements or games with bright full-screen scenes. |
| ADC | Electronics |
Converts analog signals to digital values.
An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) samples an analog input and outputs a digital code representing the signal amplitude at discrete time steps. |
| AGLR (Anti-Glare/Low-Reflection) | Display Technology |
Surface treatment balancing clarity and low reflectivity.
Reduces reflections while keeping image sharpness higher than heavy matte finishes. |
| ALLM (Auto Low Latency Mode) | Display Technology |
Automatically switches display into low-latency mode.
Used in gaming consoles and PCs to minimize input lag for gameplay. |
| ANSI Contrast | Display Technology |
Contrast measured using a checkerboard pattern.
Reflects real-world contrast more accurately than full-field tests. |
| Ambient Light Sensor | Electronics |
Component detecting room brightness.
Enables automatic brightness adjustment for power savings and visibility. |
| Anti-Glare Coating | Display Technology |
Surface treatment that scatters reflected light.
Reduces sharp reflections but can slightly soften image detail compared to glossy coatings. |
| Anti-Reflective Coating | Display Technology |
Coating that reduces reflections from ambient light.
Applied to the panel surface to minimize glare and improve contrast, especially in bright rooms. |
| Attenuation | Fiber Technology |
Loss of signal power over distance.
Measured in dB/km. Caused by absorption, scattering, and bending. Lower attenuation allows longer transmission distances and higher bandwidth. |
| BT.1886 | Imaging |
Standard gamma curve for professional video mastering.
Provides consistent shadow rendering for broadcast SDR. |
| BT.2100 | Imaging |
HDR specification defining color space and EOTF.
Supports PQ and HLG for HDR video delivery in modern broadcasting. |
| Backlight Bleed | Display Technology |
Light leakage around LCD edges or corners.
Caused by panel pressure, manufacturing tolerances, or chassis flex. More visible in dark scenes. |
| Backlight Strobing | Display Technology |
Flickering backlight synchronized with refresh cycles.
Eliminates sample-and-hold motion blur. Requires precise timing and may introduce double-image artifacts. |
| Backlight Unit (BLU) | Display Technology |
The illumination system behind an LCD panel.
Consists of LEDs, a light guide plate, diffusers, and prism sheets. Quality of the BLU determines brightness uniformity and HDR capability. |
| Bend Radius | Fiber Technology |
Minimum curvature fiber can tolerate without added loss.
Macro-bends create measurable attenuation; micro-bends introduce subtle scattering. Bend-insensitive fiber reduces these effects. |
| Bezel | Display Technology |
The outer frame surrounding a display panel.
Modern displays use thin bezels for multi-monitor setups and aesthetics. |
| Bit Depth | Imaging |
Number of bits used to represent each pixel.
Higher bit depth enables more precise representation of tonal values and reduces banding artifacts in gradients. |
| Bit Depth | Display Technology |
Number of bits used to encode each channel of a pixel.
10-bit and 12-bit panels reduce banding and increase gradient smoothness compared to 8-bit displays. |
| Black Crush | Display Technology |
Loss of shadow detail in dark scenes.
Often caused by aggressive tone mapping or poor gamma handling. |
| Black Frame Insertion (BFI) | Display Technology |
Method of reducing motion blur by inserting black frames.
Mimics CRT-like motion clarity but may reduce brightness and cause flicker. |
| Blooming | Display Technology |
Light halo around bright objects on dimming-zone displays.
Occurs in FALD and Mini-LED displays when bright areas illuminate adjacent dark zones. |
| Burn-in | Display Technology |
Permanent image retention caused by static content.
Affects OLED and QD-OLED due to organic emitter wear. Mitigated through pixel shifting, varied content, and brightness management. |
| Chroma Subsampling | Imaging |
Technique for reducing color data relative to luma.
Formats like 4:2:0 and 4:2:2 reduce bandwidth requirements but may affect text clarity and fine details. |
| Chromatic Aberration | Optics |
Color fringing caused by lens dispersion.
Occurs because different wavelengths of light refract by different amounts when passing through a lens element. |
| Chromatic Dispersion | Fiber Technology |
Wavelength-dependent spreading of optical signals.
Affects singlemode fiber, especially over long distances. Can be mitigated with dispersion compensation modules or coherent DSP. |
| Chrominance | Imaging |
The color information of a signal separate from luminance.
Represents hue and saturation. Used in YCbCr video encoding. |
| Clouding | Display Technology |
Bright patches caused by panel pressure or backlight issues.
More visible in dark scenes and on edge-lit designs. |
| Color Banding | Display Technology |
Visible steps between gradients caused by insufficient bit depth.
More common on 8-bit displays. Mitigated by dithering techniques. |
| Color Filters | Display Technology |
Red, green, and blue layers used in LCDs.
Filter white backlight into primary colors but reduce brightness and efficiency. QD-OLED and MicroLED avoid color filters entirely. |
| Color Gamut | Display Technology |
Range of colors a display can reproduce.
Common gamuts include sRGB, DCI-P3, and Rec.2020. Large gamuts improve HDR performance and accuracy for media creation. |
| Color Management | Imaging |
System ensuring consistent color across devices.
Uses ICC profiles and calibration targets for accurate reproduction in photography and video. |
| Color Volume | Display Technology |
Color gamut extended across brightness levels.
Indicates how well a display maintains saturation at various luminance levels. QD-based displays excel in color volume. |
| Color Wheel | Display Technology |
Rotating filter used in single-chip DLP projectors.
Sequentially shows RGB (and sometimes white or cyan/magenta/yellow) segments, potentially causing rainbow artifacts. |
| Core Cladding | Fiber Technology |
The two primary layers of an optical fiber.
The core carries the optical signal while the cladding provides total internal reflection. Typical diameters are 9/125 µm (SMF) and 50/125 µm or 62.5/125 µm (MMF). |
| DCI-P3 | Imaging |
Wide gamut color space used for digital cinema.
Covers more saturated greens and reds than sRGB. Common in HDR displays. |
| DSC (Display Stream Compression) | Electronics |
Visually lossless compression for high-resolution output.
Enables 4K 240 Hz or 8K 120 Hz over existing cable limits using lightweight, low-latency compression. |
| Delta E (dE) | Display Technology |
Measurement of color error perceptibility.
dE < 2 is typically considered excellent for professional use. |
| Diffuser Layer | Display Technology |
Layer that spreads backlight evenly across LCD panels.
Ensures uniform brightness by scattering LED light. Thickness and material quality affect uniformity and light efficiency. |
| Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) | Display Technology |
MEMS mirror array used in DLP projectors.
Mirrors tilt rapidly to modulate light output. Enables high-speed and high-contrast projection. |
| Dirty Screen Effect (DSE) | Display Technology |
Patchy or streaky appearance during panning.
Most noticeable in sports content and caused by panel non-uniformity. |
| DisplayPort | Electronics |
High-bandwidth digital display interface.
Supports features like DSC, adaptive sync, high refresh rates, and daisy-chaining via MST. |
| Dolby Vision | Display Technology |
Premium HDR format with dynamic metadata and higher bit depth support.
Supports 12-bit color and dynamic tone mapping optimized per scene or frame. |
| Duplex Fiber | Fiber Technology |
Two fibers used for bidirectional communication.
One fiber transmits and the other receives. Standard for Ethernet optics like 1G/10GBASE-LX or SX. |
| EDID (Extended Display Identification Data) | Electronics |
Metadata that defines a display’s capabilities.
Includes supported resolutions, refresh rates, color formats, and HDR modes. Read by GPUs via HDMI or DisplayPort. |
| EOTF (Electro-Optical Transfer Function) | Display Technology |
Defines how digital signal values convert to luminance.
Standards include SDR gamma 2.2/2.4 and HDR PQ/HLG. Critical for accurate video reproduction. |
| Edge-Lit LCD | Display Technology |
LCD panels with LEDs positioned along the edges.
Cheaper and thinner than FALD or Mini-LED but provides weak local dimming, low contrast, and significant blooming. |
| Emissive Display | Display Technology |
Display where each pixel emits its own light.
Includes OLED, QD-OLED, and MicroLED. Enables true blacks, extremely high contrast, ultra-fast response times, and wide viewing angles. |
| FALD (Full-Array Local Dimming) | Display Technology |
LCD backlighting with LED zones across the entire panel.
Improves contrast by independently dimming sections behind the LCD layer. More zones reduce blooming and enhance HDR performance. |
| FRC Panel | Display Technology |
Panel that uses temporal dithering to mimic higher bit depth.
Often marketed as "10-bit" panels but rely partially on dithering. |
| Fiber Cleave | Fiber Technology |
Precision cutting of a fiber for splicing.
Must be perfectly flat and perpendicular to the fiber axis to minimize loss and back reflection during fusion splicing. |
| Fiber Patch Cord | Fiber Technology |
Short fiber cable used to connect equipment.
Typically uses LC, SC, or MPO connectors. Available in simplex, duplex, or multi-fiber variants for data centers and telecom racks. |
| FreeSync | Display Technology |
AMD’s adaptive refresh rate technology.
Uses open standards via DisplayPort/HDMI. Ranges from basic FreeSync to FreeSync Premium and Premium Pro. |
| Fusion Splice | Fiber Technology |
Permanent joining of two fibers by melting the glass.
Provides very low insertion loss (~0.05 dB). Requires precise alignment and high-quality cleaving to prevent reflection or micro-bending. |
| G-SYNC | Display Technology |
NVIDIA’s proprietary VRR technology.
Hardware G-SYNC modules provide low latency, wider VRR ranges, and superior overdrive tuning. |
| Gamma | Display Technology |
Relationship between input signal and luminance output.
Determines midtone brightness and color accuracy. Common gamma targets are 2.2 (PC), 2.4 (video), and BT.1886 (broadcast). |
| Gamut Clipping | Imaging |
Loss of color detail when content exceeds display gamut.
Causes oversaturated or inaccurate colors when wide-gamut content is shown on narrow-gamut displays. |
| Glossy Finish | Display Technology |
Highly reflective screen finish offering sharp perceived contrast.
Enhances blacks and color saturation but reflects ambient light heavily, impacting usability in bright environments. |
| Gradient Handling | Display Technology |
How smoothly a display renders color transitions.
Depends heavily on bit depth, dithering, and panel processing quality. |
| HBM (High Brightness Mode) | Display Technology |
Temporary mode increasing brightness for visibility.
Used in laptops and phones to combat outdoor glare. May reduce longevity. |
| HDMI | Electronics |
Consumer audiovisual interface for displays and TVs.
Versions like HDMI 2.0 and 2.1 define maximum bandwidth, HDR formats, and gaming features such as VRR and ALLM. |
| HDMI 2.1 VRR | Display Technology |
Standardized variable refresh rate feature in HDMI 2.1.
Enables VRR on consoles like PS5 and Xbox Series X and modern TVs. |
| HDR (High Dynamic Range) | Display Technology |
Imaging standard supporting higher brightness and color volume.
Uses higher peak brightness, deeper blacks, and wide color gamut to improve realism. Must be paired with a capable panel and metadata formats like HDR10 or Dolby Vision. |
| HDR Metadata | Imaging |
Supplemental data describing mastering brightness levels.
Static or dynamic metadata informs the display how to map HDR content. |
| HDR10 | Display Technology |
Most common HDR format using static metadata.
Metadata defines mastering peak brightness and color space but does not vary scene-by-scene. |
| HDR10+ | Display Technology |
HDR format using dynamic metadata.
Allows frame-by-frame adjustment of tone mapping. Developed by Samsung and Amazon. |
| HGIG (HDR Gaming Interest Group) | Display Technology |
HDR guidelines for consistent gaming experiences.
Specifies how games should tone-map for displays to prevent double processing or inaccurate HDR output. |
| HLG (Hybrid Log-Gamma) | Display Technology |
Broadcast-friendly HDR format.
Designed by NHK and BBC; requires no metadata and is backward compatible with SDR workflows. |
| High APL (Average Picture Level) | Display Technology |
Measurement of overall scene brightness.
OLEDs are often limited in high-APL scenes due to ABL constraints. |
| Hotspotting | Display Technology |
Uneven brightness from edge-lit backlights.
Appears as bright patches, especially on cheaper LCD monitors and TVs. |
| ICC Profile | Imaging |
Data file describing color characteristics of a device.
Profiles define how to convert between device color spaces and reference spaces like XYZ or Lab. |
| IPS Glow | Display Technology |
Off-axis glowing effect unique to IPS panels.
Caused by scattering in the LC structure. More noticeable in dark rooms at wide angles. |
| IPS Panel | Display Technology |
LCD technology with superior viewing angles and color accuracy.
Liquid crystals rotate in-plane, providing excellent consistency. Fast IPS variants achieve ~1 ms response times but contrast is typically limited to ~1000:1. |
| Image Persistence | Display Technology |
Temporary retention of static content.
Common in LCDs after leaving static images for hours. Usually reversible. |
| Input Lag | Display Technology |
Delay between input signal and on-screen response.
Critical for gaming. Lower lag (1–10 ms) improves responsiveness during fast-paced gameplay. |
| Insertion Loss (IL) | Fiber Technology |
Total optical loss introduced by a component.
Measured in dB, representing how much signal power is lost across connectors, splices, patch panels, or splitters. |
| Integer Scaling | Display Technology |
Scaling method that preserves pixel edges in retro content.
Ideal for pixel art and older consoles. Maintains sharp, clean lines. |
| LC Connector | Fiber Technology |
Small form factor duplex connector.
The most widely used connector in modern optical networking. Features a latch mechanism and supports both SMF and MMF. |
| LUT (Look-Up Table) | Display Technology |
Table that maps input values to calibrated output colors.
3D LUTs allow precise color calibration for professional monitors. |
| Laser Phosphor Light Engine | Display Technology |
Projection light source mixing blue lasers with phosphor.
Produces bright white light for long-lasting, high-lumen projectors. |
| Light Guide Plate (LGP) | Display Technology |
Plate that distributes LED light across an LCD panel.
Guides light from edge LEDs to the full display surface. Often paired with diffuser and prism sheets for uniform illumination. |
| Local Dimming | Display Technology |
Technique that controls backlight zones independently.
Mini-LED and FALD systems dim specific regions to increase contrast. More zones equal finer control and reduced blooming. |
| Luma | Imaging |
Black-and-white brightness component of video.
Derived from RGB and weighted to match human visual sensitivity to green. |
| Luminance | Imaging |
Amount of light emitted or reflected from a surface.
Measured in nits (cd/m²). Determines display brightness and visibility in bright environments. |
| MPO/MTP | Fiber Technology |
High-density multi-fiber connector standards.
Available in 8, 12, 24, 48, or 72-fiber formats. Essential for 40/100/400G parallel optics and high-density patching. |
| MPRT (Moving Picture Response Time) | Display Technology |
Motion clarity metric reflecting perceived blur.
Lower MPRT improves clarity. Achieved through higher refresh rates or backlight strobing. |
| MST (Multi-Stream Transport) | Electronics |
DisplayPort feature enabling multiple displays on a single link.
Allows daisy-chaining and multi-monitor setups using a single DP output. |
| Mechanical Splice | Fiber Technology |
Non-permanent fiber joint using alignment gel or clamps.
Easier to install but higher loss (~0.3–0.7 dB) compared to fusion splicing. Useful for emergency repairs or areas without splicing equipment. |
| MicroLED | Display Technology |
Inorganic emissive display using microscopic LEDs per pixel.
Combines OLED-like contrast with LCD-like brightness and extremely long lifespan. Manufacturing complexity keeps prices high. |
| Mini-LED | Display Technology |
LED backlight system with thousands of small LEDs.
Provides finer local dimming control, high brightness (1000–3000+ nits), and improved HDR over standard LCDs. Still prone to blooming due to zone-based dimming. |
| Modal Dispersion | Fiber Technology |
Signal spreading due to multiple propagation paths.
The primary limitation of multimode fiber. Reduces bandwidth and limits reach at high data rates. |
| Motion Interpolation | Display Technology |
Generates intermediate frames to increase perceived motion smoothness.
Useful for video content but can introduce soap-opera effect or artifacts. |
| Multimode Fiber | Fiber Technology |
Fiber with a wider core that supports multiple propagation modes.
Core sizes of 50 µm or 62.5 µm allow multiple light paths. Higher modal dispersion limits reach, but the fibers support inexpensive VCSEL lasers, making them ideal for data centers and enterprise LANs. |
| Native Aspect Ratio | Display Technology |
Width-to-height ratio of the display's pixel matrix.
Common ratios include 16:9, 21:9 ultrawide, and 32:9 super-ultrawide. |
| Native Contrast Ratio | Display Technology |
Ratio of full-white to full-black brightness.
IPS panels average ~1000:1, VA panels ~3000–6000:1, Mini-LED improves the effective contrast with dimming zones, and emissive technologies achieve true zero-nit blacks. |
| Native Panel Resolution | Display Technology |
Physical pixel dimensions of a display.
Scaling to non-native resolutions reduces sharpness unless advanced scaling algorithms are used. |
| Numerical Aperture (NA) | Fiber Technology |
Measure of a fiber's light-gathering ability.
Higher NA allows easier coupling of light into multimode fiber but increases modal dispersion. Singlemode fibers use very low NA to maintain a single propagation mode. |
| OLED | Display Technology |
Emissive technology using organic light-emitting compounds.
Delivers perfect blacks and extremely fast response times. Limitations include limited full-screen brightness and long-term burn-in risk. |
| OLED Aging Compensation | Display Technology |
System adjusting pixel output as emissive materials degrade.
Maintains color accuracy and uniformity over time by modifying per-pixel drive current. |
| OLED Compensation Cycle | Display Technology |
Pixel-refresh process preventing image retention.
Runs periodically to equalize pixel wear, reducing long-term burn-in risk. |
| OM1 | Fiber Technology |
Legacy multimode fiber with a 62.5 µm core.
LED-optimized fiber with low bandwidth performance. Supports 10 Gbps only up to ~33 meters. Largely obsolete in modern networks. |
| OM2 | Fiber Technology |
50 µm multimode fiber with moderate bandwidth.
Supports 10 Gbps up to ~82 m. Now replaced by OM3/OM4 but still found in older enterprise installs. |
| OM3 | Fiber Technology |
Laser-optimized multimode fiber for high-speed VCSEL links.
Supports 10 Gbps to ~300 m, and 40/100 Gbps using parallel optics. Its high bandwidth (~2000 MHz·km) makes it common in data center links. Usually aqua-colored. |
| OM4 | Fiber Technology |
Enhanced multimode fiber with very high bandwidth.
Extends 10 Gbps reach to ~550 m and offers ~4700 MHz·km bandwidth. Widely used in high-performance enterprise networks. Jacket colors include aqua and sometimes violet. |
| OM5 | Fiber Technology |
Wideband multimode fiber supporting SWDM.
Allows multiple wavelengths (850–953 nm) to travel in the same fiber, boosting throughput without adding more cables. Backward compatible with OM3/OM4. Jacket color is lime green. |
| OS1 | Fiber Technology |
Indoor-rated singlemode fiber with higher attenuation than OS2.
OS1 fiber operates within buildings and risers with typical attenuation around 1.0 dB/km. Commonly used for patching, short trunks, and controlled indoor installations. Typically jacketed in yellow. |
| OS2 | Fiber Technology |
Outdoor/long-distance singlemode fiber with low attenuation.
Featuring attenuation around 0.3–0.4 dB/km, OS2 supports long-haul, metro, and campus links. Uses wavelengths such as 1310 nm, 1550 nm, and 1625 nm. Typically yellow jacketed like OS1. |
| Optical Return Loss (ORL) | Fiber Technology |
Measure of reflected optical power.
Caused by imperfect connectors, dirty endfaces, or fiber defects. Excessive ORL degrades transmitter performance, especially in high-speed singlemode links. |
| Optical Splitter | Fiber Technology |
Device that divides optical power among outputs.
Used in PON networks (e.g., 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16). Splitting introduces predictable attenuation based on the split ratio. |
| Overdrive | Display Technology |
Pixel-voltage boosting to speed up LCD response times.
Reduces ghosting by accelerating pixel transitions. Excessive overdrive causes overshoot artifacts such as inverse ghosting. |
| Overscan | Display Technology |
Cropping of edges on some TVs.
Legacy behavior from CRTs. Reduces pixel-perfect clarity on modern digital displays. |
| PWM Dimming | Display Technology |
Backlight brightness control via rapid pulsing.
Can cause flicker at low frequencies (<500 Hz). Higher-frequency PWM or DC dimming reduces eye strain. |
| Panel Binning | Manufacturing |
Sorting panels based on performance characteristics.
Panels with better uniformity, brightness, or pixel consistency receive higher bins for premium models. |
| Panel Coating Hardness | Display Technology |
Durability of a screen’s outer surface.
Determines scratch resistance and reflectivity. Measured using pencil hardness scales. |
| Panel Lottery | Display Technology |
Variation in quality between panels of the same model.
Differences in uniformity, contrast, and glow occur due to manufacturing tolerances. |
| Panel Refresh Stability | Display Technology |
How well a display maintains consistent refresh behavior.
Poor stability can cause flicker, frame drops, or inconsistent VRR behavior. |
| Panel Uniformity | Display Technology |
Evenness of brightness and color across the panel.
Issues like vignetting, clouding, and banding can degrade uniformity. |
| Peak Brightness | Display Technology |
Maximum luminance output measured in nits.
SDR displays typically range from 200–400 nits; HDR displays range from 600–3000+ nits. Important for daylight viewing and HDR highlights. |
| Perceptual Quantizer (PQ) | Imaging |
HDR transfer function modeled after human vision.
Used in HDR10 and Dolby Vision. Enables precise highlight rendering. |
| Pixel Pitch | Display Technology |
Distance between pixel centers.
Smaller pixel pitch increases sharpness and reduces screen-door effect, especially important for VR and high-DPI monitors. |
| Pixel Refresher | Display Technology |
Maintenance routine for OLED pixels.
Runs automatically to equalize wear and prevent long-term burn-in. |
| Pixel Response Curve | Display Technology |
Graph of pixel transition times across levels.
Shows how quickly a display transitions between gray levels. Important for gaming performance. |
| Polarizer | Display Technology |
Optical layer controlling light polarization in LCDs.
Crucial for LCD operation. Polarizer quality affects contrast, glare handling, and off-axis color shifts. |
| Prism Sheet | Display Technology |
Optical layer that increases forward-directed brightness.
Refracts light toward the viewer to improve luminance. Found in many LCD backlight assemblies. |
| QD-OLED | Display Technology |
Hybrid display using blue OLED emitters and quantum dots.
Eliminates color filters, improving brightness and color gamut (near Rec.2020). Offers higher efficiency than WOLED but maintains burn-in risk. |
| Quantum Dots | Display Technology |
Nanocrystals that convert blue light to pure red and green.
Used in QLED and QD-OLED displays to improve color purity, boosting color gamut to near-Rec.2020 coverage. |
| Rainbow Effect | Display Technology |
Visible color fringing on DLP projectors.
Seen during fast eye movements due to sequential color display. |
| Rec.2020 | Imaging |
Ultra-wide color gamut used for HDR and future video standards.
Encompasses nearly all visible colors, though no consumer display fully covers it yet. |
| Rec.709 | Imaging |
Standard color space for HDTV content.
Defines the color primaries, gamma, and white point for SDR content. |
| Refresh Rate | Display Technology |
Number of times a display updates per second.
Higher refresh rates (120–360 Hz) improve motion clarity and reduce input latency. Must be paired with sufficient response time for best results. |
| Response Time | Display Technology |
Speed at which a pixel changes from one value to another.
Lower response times reduce motion blur and ghosting. Emissive displays often achieve <0.1 ms; LCD speeds vary by panel type. |
| SDR (Standard Dynamic Range) | Imaging |
Traditional video format with limited brightness and color.
Uses Rec.709 color gamut and gamma-based EOTFs. Typical brightness peaks around 100–300 nits. |
| ST.2084 (PQ) | Display Technology |
HDR EOTF used for HDR10 and Dolby Vision content.
Supports extremely high peak luminance up to 10,000 nits, mapping digital values to human visual response. |
| SWDM | Fiber Technology |
Shortwave Wavelength Division Multiplexing for MMF.
Enables 4 wavelengths over multimode fiber (e.g., 850–953 nm) to increase data throughput without additional cabling. Enabled primarily on OM5. |
| Safe Area | Imaging |
Region of a frame free from cropping on consumer TVs.
Ensures critical content is not lost due to overscan or scaling. |
| Sample-and-Hold Blur | Display Technology |
Blur caused by continuous illumination during LCD frame hold.
A major source of motion blur in LCDs. Reduced by higher refresh rates, strobing, or emissive technology. |
| Screen Door Effect | Display Technology |
Visible grid pattern between pixels.
Common in early VR headsets or low-PPI displays where pixel gaps are large. |
| Semi-Gloss Finish | Display Technology |
Balanced finish between glare reduction and image clarity.
Provides moderate reflection control while preserving crisp image quality. |
| Shadow Detail | Display Technology |
Visibility of subtle grayscale information in dark regions.
Essential for HDR accuracy and cinematic reproduction. |
| Simplex Fiber | Fiber Technology |
Single fiber used for one-way communication.
Used for specialized sensing, monitoring, or optical distribution systems. |
| Singlemode Fiber | Fiber Technology |
Narrow-core fiber supporting a single propagation mode.
Uses a ~9 µm core which eliminates modal dispersion and enables extremely long-distance transmission (10–80+ km depending on optics). Ideal for long-haul, metro networks, and high-bandwidth backbone links. |
| Soap-Opera Effect | Display Technology |
Overly smooth motion resulting from interpolation.
Makes films look like high-frame-rate video. Some viewers find it unnatural. |
| Static Contrast Ratio | Display Technology |
Contrast measured in a single static frame.
Unlike dynamic contrast (using dimming tricks), static contrast reflects the native black and white levels of the panel without processing. |
| Static Dithering | Display Technology |
Pixel-level noise pattern to smooth gradients.
Less effective than temporal dithering but still helps mitigate banding. |
| Subpixel Layout | Display Technology |
Arrangement of RGB components within a pixel.
Affects text clarity and rendering. Examples include RGB stripe, BGR, WRGB, and triangular layouts found in QD-OLED. |
| Subpixel Rendering | Imaging |
Technique for improving text clarity using RGB layout.
Used by ClearType and similar algorithms to increase perceived horizontal resolution. |
| TN Panel | Display Technology |
Twisted Nematic LCD technology with fast response times.
Offers low input lag and high refresh rates but suffers from poor viewing angles, low color accuracy, and lower contrast. |
| Temporal Dithering (FRC) | Display Technology |
Frame-by-frame color modulation to simulate higher bit depth.
Used in 8-bit+FRC panels to approximate 10-bit output by rapidly alternating pixel values. |
| Tone Mapping | Display Technology |
Method of converting HDR input to displayable luminance.
Prevents clipping in bright scenes and preserves details in highlights. Each display uses proprietary tone-mapping algorithms. |
| Total Internal Reflection | Fiber Technology |
Mechanism that traps light inside the fiber core.
Occurs when light hits the core–cladding boundary at angles greater than the critical angle, enabling long-distance optical transmission. |
| Transmissive Display | Display Technology |
Display where light is produced by a backlight.
Includes most LCD technologies. The backlight shines through polarizers, liquid crystals, and RGB filters. Black levels and contrast are limited by light leakage. |
| Ultrawide Monitor | Display Technology |
Monitor with a 21:9 or 32:9 aspect ratio.
Provides extended horizontal workspace or immersive gaming experiences. |
| Underscan | Display Technology |
Displays the entire image with black borders.
Used to ensure full visibility when overscan cannot be disabled. |
| Uniformity Compensation | Display Technology |
Correction applied to brighten or dim regions for consistency.
Improves luminance and color uniformity across the panel, especially on professional monitors. |
| VA Panel | Display Technology |
LCD technology offering high native contrast.
Vertical liquid crystal alignment yields deep blacks (3000–6000:1) but can introduce slower transitions and mild smearing in dark scenes. |
| VCSEL | Fiber Technology |
Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser used for MMF.
Efficient, low-cost laser source optimized for OM3/OM4 multimode systems, enabling high data rates (10–100 Gbps) over short distances. |
| VRR (Variable Refresh Rate) | Display Technology |
Synchronizes refresh rate to GPU output.
Eliminates tearing and reduces stutter. Includes G-SYNC, FreeSync, and HDMI 2.1 VRR. |
| Viewing Angle | Display Technology |
Angle range over which color and brightness remain accurate.
IPS and emissive displays offer the widest viewing angles; TN and VA shift more noticeably off-axis. |
| Viewing Cone | Display Technology |
Angular range where image quality remains consistent.
Affected by panel technology; IPS and emissive displays have the widest viewing cones, while TN is narrow. |
| Viewing Distance | Display Technology |
Optimal distance to perceive detail without aliasing.
Depends on screen size and resolution. Higher PPI allows closer viewing. |
| WOLED (White OLED) | Display Technology |
OLED architecture using white subpixels filtered into RGB.
LG panels use WRGB (white plus RGB subpixels). Efficient but slightly less sharp than RGB-stripe OLED due to color filtering. |
| Wavelength (nm) | Fiber Technology |
The optical frequency used for transmission.
Typical singlemode wavelengths include 1310, 1490, 1550, and 1625 nm. Wavelength affects attenuation, dispersion, and DWDM channel spacing. |
| White Balance | Imaging |
Adjustment ensuring neutral whites and grays.
Set using temperature (Kelvin) and tint (magenta–green) values to match calibration standards. |
| White Point | Display Technology |
Chromaticity reference for neutral white.
D65 (6504K) is the standard for video, while higher color temperatures look cooler and lower temperatures look warmer. |
| Wide Gamut Display | Display Technology |
Screen covering a large portion of DCI-P3 or Rec.2020.
Produces more vivid colors suitable for HDR content and creative workflows. |
| YCbCr | Imaging |
Color encoding separating luma and chroma.
Used for video compression and transmission. Supports chroma subsampling formats like 4:4:4, 4:2:2, and 4:2:0. |
| Yield Rate | Manufacturing |
Percentage of manufactured panels that meet quality standards.
Lower yields increase production costs, especially for new technologies like MicroLED. |